Dental prostheses are dental devices used to restore or replace missing or damaged teeth. Simply put, a dental prosthesis replaces a missing tooth (or teeth) or covers defects.
Prostheses can not only improve appearance but also reduce the risk of gum disease associated with a missing tooth, correct the bite, and help prevent weakening of the jawbone.
We will review the different types of dental prostheses so that you can have an informed discussion with your dentist about the best option for you.
What Is the Difference Between a Dental Implant and a Dental Prosthesis?
Dental implants are similar to screws and are inserted into the jawbone; they can be used in combination with other dental devices. A dental implant functions as an artificial tooth root onto which a dentist can place a crown if only one tooth is missing or damaged, or a bridge or denture if several teeth are missing. In other words, implants serve as the foundation for dental prosthetics.
A dental prosthesis is a dental appliance used to replace missing teeth. These devices are usually made of acrylic, metal, ceramic, and other materials and are designed to be fitted onto the remaining teeth or gums in order to replace lost teeth.
Dental prostheses fit closely against the gums and look and function like natural teeth. They are also referred to as false teeth.
Both dental implants and conventional dental prostheses can be effective options for tooth replacement; however, implants offer significant advantages over dentures. They are more durable and secure and may look and feel more natural.
In addition, because dental implants replace the tooth root, they help prevent bone loss in the jaw that can occur when a tooth is missing. On the other hand, dental implants may not be suitable for everyone, and a dental prosthesis may be a better alternative for some people.
What Types of Dental Prostheses Are There?
Common types of dental prostheses include fixed and removable prostheses.
Veneers
Veneers can be considered a fixed micro-prosthetic solution, as their purpose is to change the shape and color of teeth and improve their appearance. Veneers are bonded to the surface of the teeth and are generally thin, which is why they look like natural teeth—or even better. Dentists often recommend veneers if your teeth are discolored, chipped, or cracked.
However, this option is not suitable for every patient. To receive veneers, you need to have relatively healthy teeth.
Prosthetic Options for Those Who Need to Replace One or Several Teeth
Dental crowns are caps placed over a tooth when it has been severely damaged due to decay, an accident, or other causes.
Dental crowns are made from various materials, and their durability and cost depend on the material used.
An implant-supported crown differs from a traditional crown in that it replaces the entire tooth.
Dental bridges consist of two or more dental crowns. The structure replaces one or more teeth and is supported by adjacent teeth. Dental bridges are suitable for replacing teeth that have been lost, destroyed, or damaged.
Implants can also serve as support for a bridge when natural teeth lack sufficient structural strength to support the prosthesis.
Inlay. This type of mini-prosthetic restoration is used when the upper part of a tooth is severely damaged but the root remains intact. In such cases, a filling cannot be placed. The inlay is bonded into place with adhesive and functions like a puzzle piece that precisely fits into the tooth.
Cast Partial Denture (Bugel Denture). A bugel denture consists of two sections connected by a thin metal arch that fits securely against the oral mucosa. Despite appearing bulky, these dentures are comfortable for regular use. They are attached to healthy supporting teeth.
Caring for a bugel denture is similar to caring for natural teeth. You simply need to brush your teeth twice a day. This type of prosthesis is considered conditionally removable, as it does not need to be removed regularly.
Another type of prosthesis is called a flipper denture (“butterfly” or immediate denture). These are temporary partial dentures that replace one or two teeth. They are made from less durable materials than conventional dentures because they are intended for short-term use. The denture is quickly secured using soft clasps.
Prosthetic Options for Those Who Need to Replace All Teeth
Full Denture
If you have lost all your teeth, this option may be suitable for you. Such a denture consists of two parts: a nylon, plastic, or metal base and artificial teeth attached to it.
This type of denture is retained through the formation of a vacuum between the palate and the denture base.
Although full dentures are easy to insert and remove, they provide stability and retention. In addition, full dentures are less expensive than fixed prostheses.
Complete dentures replace all of your teeth and must be removed daily for cleaning.
Fixed Implant-Supported Prostheses
Procedures in which prostheses are attached to implants are known as All-on-4 and All-on-6.
The prosthesis is supported by 4 or 6 dental implants in each jaw and is fixed in place.
This option is suitable for patients who have no teeth or whose teeth are severely damaged and destroyed.
Partial Removable or Combination Dentures
A partial removable denture includes both fixed and removable components. They are often used to replace several missing teeth and are designed to attach to the remaining natural teeth or dental implants, with removable components allowing for easy cleaning and maintenance.
In some cases, for example when posterior teeth are missing but anterior teeth remain, a partial denture can be placed and designed to be partially fixed.
What Materials Are Dental Prostheses Made Of?
Depending on the type of prosthesis and the patient’s individual requirements, a dental prosthesis may be made from several materials.
Dental prostheses are most commonly made from the following materials:
- Metal alloys are often used in partial dentures or crowns. They can be extremely strong and durable, withstanding chewing and biting forces.
- Ceramics and porcelain are popular for bridges and dental crowns. They can be customized to match the color of natural teeth and provide a natural, aesthetically pleasing result.
- Acrylic is a popular material for removable dentures.
- Nylon is a soft and flexible material suitable for people with allergies and does not rub or injure the gums.
- Composite resin is used for manufacturing dental inlays.
- Zirconia is a material that is becoming increasingly common for dental crowns and bridges. It is extremely hard and durable and can create a natural-looking effect.
What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Dental Prosthetics?
Advantages
Dental prostheses can improve the overall appearance of your teeth, helping to boost self-esteem and confidence. They also help maintain the health of the jawbone, protect against gum disease, and prevent serious oral health problems. Dental prostheses can significantly improve your ability to chew, helping you maintain better nutrition.
They preserve facial shape, prevent teeth from shifting, and distribute bite forces evenly, contributing to long-term oral health. Modern dental prosthetics are durable and comfortable, providing a reliable solution for tooth restoration.
Disadvantages
Preparatory procedures, such as those required for crowns and bridges, may involve modifying existing teeth, which makes them invasive. Dental prostheses may be less effective than natural teeth and require ongoing maintenance and adjustments.
This article does not replace a medical consultation. For complete and personalized information, please consult your dentist.